Introducción y enfoques principales
El vanguardismo se manifiesta a través de varios movimientos que, desde planteamientos divergentes, abordan la renovación del arte o la pregunta por su función social, desplegando recursos que quiebren o distorsionen los sistemas más aceptados de representación o expresión artística, en teatro, pintura, literatura, cine, arquitectura o música, entre otros.
Algunos autores, como Peter Bürger (teoría de la vanguardia) distinguen las "auténticas" vanguardias de aquellos movimientos que orientaron su confrontación hacia la institución arte y la dimensión política del accionar artístico en la sociedad, y concentraron sus innovaciones en la búsqueda de nuevas funciones y relaciones de poder.
Estos movimientos artísticos renovadores, en general dogmáticos, se produjeron en Europa en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, desde donde se extendieron al resto de los continentes, principalmente hacia América, en donde se enfrentaron al modernismo.
La característica primordial del vanguardismo es la libertad de expresión, que se manifiesta alterando la estructura de las obras, abordando temas tabú y desordenando los parámetros creativos: en poesía se rompe con la métrica y cobran protagonismo aspectos antes irrelevantes, como la tipografía; en arquitectura se desecha la simetría, para dar paso a la asimetría; en pintura se rompe con las líneas, las formas, los colores neutros y la perspectiva.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanguardismo26/06/2011, 07:52
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Avant-garde (French pronunciation: [avɑ̃ɡaʁd]) means "advance guard" or "vanguard".[1] The adjective form is used in English to refer to people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics.
Avant-garde represents a pushing of the boundaries of what is accepted as the norm or the status quo, primarily in the cultural realm. The notion of the existence of the avant-garde is considered by some to be a hallmark of modernism, as distinct from postmodernism. Many artists have aligned themselves with the avant-garde movement and still continue to do so, tracing a history from Dada through the Situationists to postmodern artists such as the Language poets around 1981.
Working definition
The term was originally used to describe the foremost part of an army advancing into battle (also called the vanguard or literally the advance guard) and now applied to any group, particularly of artists, that considers itself innovative and ahead of the majority.[3]
The origin of the application of this French term to art is still debated.
The term also refers to the promotion of radical social reforms. It was this meaning that was evoked by the Saint Simonian Olinde Rodrigues in his essay, "L'artiste, le savant et l'industriel," (“The artist, the scientist and the industrialist”, 1825) which contains the first recorded use of "avant-garde" in its now-customary sense: there, Rodrigues calls on artists to "serve as [the people's] avant-garde," insisting that "the power of the arts is indeed the most immediate and fastest way" to social, political, and economic reform.[4] Over time, avant-garde became associated with movements concerned with "art for art's sake", focusing primarily on expanding the frontiers of aesthetic experience, rather than with wider social reform.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avant-garde26/06/2011, 07:56
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