domingo, 3 de fevereiro de 2013

Exercícios de inglês: textos para treinar leitura, tradução e ampliação do vocabulário


Climate change, global warming, climate crisis

The way that we live our lives is hurting the earth’s ecological system. The factories that produce our computers and televisions, the planes we fly, and the cars we drive all put toxic chemicals – pollution – into the air and water. We cut down forests and destroy coral reefs. We spoil and waste precious resources like the topsoil where we grow our crops or the stocks of fish in the oceans. We destroy the homes of animals, their habitats.

Human beings are putting pollution into the atmosphere. That pollution is trapping heat and raising the temperature of the air, the oceans and the surface of the Earth.

There are six types of air pollution, created by human beings, that together are causing the climate crisis. Five are gases that are normally found in the air, but human beings are creating more of these gases. This is changing the balance of the atmosphere and causing global warming.

The pollution that is causing global warming comes from human activity. Carbon dioxide is produced whenever we burn something. When we burn coal to make electricity, when we burn gasoline in our cars, or when we burn gas in our stoves, we add more carbon dioxide to the air. These are just a few of the ways we are changing the atmosphere and destroying our climate.

Balance: equilibrium

Cut down forests: make a lot of trees fall down

Grow our crops: cultivate plants for food

Hurt: cause damage

Raise: increase, put in a higher place or position

Spoil: make something worse

Topsoil: the layer of soil that is near the surface of the ground

Trap: keep (something) in a particular place

Waste: use more of something than is necessary

Whenever: every time that

(MARQUES, Amadeus, 2011, p. 10)

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The changing of the guard

Emperor  penguins spend the long Antartic winter on the open ice and they breed during  this harsh season (unlike most birds, which breed in the springtime). After a courtship of several weeks, females lay one single egg and then leave it behind! Every year, female emperors go to the open sea to get their food. They travel about 80 kilometers across the frozen surface every winter. Where are the eggs, then? At the feet, literally, of the male emperors.

The male emperor penguin incubates his egg, keeping it warm on his feet covered by his stomach. He just stands there, for about 65 days, through icy temperatures, cruel winds and blinding storms until the eggs hatches. And those dedicated fathers eat nothing that whole time.

Because of the cruel Antartic cold, the male penguins stay together, very near each other. The snow falls. The wind blows very, very hard. But the penguins just stay there. And survive. Finally, after over two months, the females returns from the sea, bring food they regurgitate, to feed the now hatched chicks. The two birds greet each other noisily. Then the male changes places with the female;writers call this the “changing of the guard”. The mother takes over care of the chick and the male finally starts the long trip to the open sea and the food.

Breed: (animals) reproduce

Courtship: period of sexual attraction between a male and a female animal

Harsh: difficult to live in

Hatch: (egg) break open

Hatched: newly born chick

Incubate: keep the egg warm

Regurgitate: bring food up from your stomach back into your mouth

Survive: stay alive

Take over: assume control of

Unlike: different

(MARQUES, Amadeus, 2011, p. 25)

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